Short essay writing
How To Come Up With The Topic On Research Paper
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Crisis Intervention Free Essays
Emergency and Intervention A natural emergency circumstance happened on New Yearââ¬â¢s A tornado contacted down in the zone serve in Missouri. I was one of the first on the scene after the specialists on call Many of the casualties had been emptied and were not being permitted once more into the will be The couple of individuals that serviced were In such stun that desire some espresso and help In speaking with their friends and family was all they needed right now. Ell towers, telephone lines, electrical cables, and so forth were down In the zone, so correspondence was troublesome. We will compose a custom paper test on Emergency Intervention or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now On a falter premise anyway I experience formative slithers circumstances; these educational costs are formative In nature in light of the fact that many have been brought Up in homes where money related creeps Is a hesitate occasion. A significant number of the customers I serve have been rehash customers for a long time. Generally their parentââ¬â¢s or grandparentââ¬â¢s were likewise ongoing customers. They as a rule are looking for food help just as help with taking care of utility tabs and rental expense. These circumstances are all emergency since tot the impact they have on the person. Regardless of whether the emergency is situational, natural or formative the premise feeling is a similar tort the individual in the middle tot the emergency. An emergency is a negative occasion that is generally sudden to the person. Indeed, even on account of the individual needing utility help. Ear consistently, ââ¬Å"l thought rd get the cash to take care of my tab, I never thought Iââ¬â¢d be disengaged. The most effective method to refer to Crisis Intervention, Papers Emergency Intervention Free Essays Future Trends in Crisis Intervention Abstract Mental Health Paraprofessionals (MHPP) will work with the customer and family on social issues that happen in the home, school, and network. The MHPP serves on the treatment group and helps proficient staff with the execution of the treatment plan. They likewise help with making sure about network benefits that may be accessible to the customer and the clientââ¬â¢s family. We will compose a custom paper test on Emergency Intervention or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now The motivation behind escalated Mental Health Paraprofessional Intervention is to empower the customer to be kept up in the most standardized, least prohibitive setting as could reasonably be expected, and to forestall superfluous, unseemly organization. This paper talks about a diagram paraprofessionals, the effect the paraprofessionals have on the field, the difficulties that associations are confronted, and how to deal with the actualized changes. Future Trends in Crisis Intervention As the populace in the United States keeps on climbing the requirement for human administrations experts does likewise. Human help organizations are regularly face the problems of being over-worked and come up short on. Experts in this field are frequently inclined to burnout in light of these quandaries. Tragically, human assistance offices are regularly the first to encounter spending cuts. These spending cuts influence the human assistance professionalââ¬â¢s association, office, colleagues, pay, customers, and their own good. Driving authorities of numerous human assistance associations are seeing the effects of these difficulties and are attempting proactive methodologies in comprehending the pestilences. Thus, the paraprofessional is getting progressively well known as the association can fill the truly necessary specialist positions and help with reducing clinician case load. This paper talks about the effect of this pattern on the human administrations field and how the pattern will affect the act of emergency intercession later on. The difficulties looked because of the effect, and how the laborer can proactively manage this extending pattern is additionally secured. It is imperative for these administrations to stay aware of the interest and spare as a significant part of the important spending cash. The Paraprofessional Counseling paraprofessionals are bachelorââ¬â¢s level alumni whom have finished a course so as to get guaranteed as a paraprofessional. Paraprofessionals by and large work in psychological well-being focuses, emergency units, day treatment projects and gathering homes. For the most part they give direct consideration to patients, where as an advisor, analyst or therapist offer progressively determined prepared administrations. Treatment focuses will utilize bolster staff to work legitimately with their patients; directing focus paraprofessionals (CCP) are particularly unique in relation to other care staff (Barrios amp; Perlas, 2010). They hold a confirmation in working with the intellectually sick and a bachelorââ¬â¢s qualification while affirmed advising professionals (CCT) have a comparable accreditation, however hold a secondary school recognition rather than a bachelorââ¬â¢s certificate (Barrios amp; Perlas, 2010). Some treatment habitats will likewise enlist direct help experts that don't have CCP or CCT affirmations, yet by and large, those whom hold an accreditation are more popular and are progressively employable. Contact of a Paraprofessional The fundamental reason for a CCP is to collaborate straightforwardly with patients in their consideration; this may include setting and implementing rules on unit, sorting out day by day exercises, and assisting with tasks or other comparable obligations. As per Christine Wyman (2012), ââ¬Å"They regularly have more contact with customers that a great part of the other staff, including specialists, clinicians, and advisors, as the CCP is typically accountable for the clientââ¬â¢s everyday exercises. â⬠Though the CCP performs less specific work, they regularly have the most knowledge into singular customers. As a result of the steady contact they are a significant individual from the treatment group. With how frequently CCPââ¬â¢s get the opportunity to watch patients regularly they can get on personal conduct standards that other staff may not see. They are additionally ready to perceive how different medicines influence a patient in their day by day lives. Some CCPs are assigned to work one on one with a solitary customer. A CCP in this job is frequently alloted as such in light of the fact that a customer has a specific need. ââ¬Å"Such needs could incorporate yet are not constrained to helping a customer with serious subjective or physical impediments, viewing a customer whom is a peril to himself or others or working with a customer whose treatment objectives include escalated one on one workâ⬠(Wyman, 2012). Effect There are numerous ways that the utilization of advising focus paraprofessionals can profit the association. One of the numerous advantages of the paraprofessional in the human help vocation field could be that they require less preparing than run of the mill clinician or other human assistance proficient. That way the CCP can get guaranteed and start work in an a lot shorter time span then somebody who is experiencing all the necessary tutoring and testing to turn into an authorized proficient. Another viewpoint manages the lesser measure of pay accordingly setting aside the association cash. With the manner in which financial plans are being sliced it is essential to extend each dollar however much as could reasonably be expected. ââ¬Å"Someone without the training or licensure won't have the option to do as much as an expert and consequently require less compensation accordingly setting aside cash for different zones it is neededâ⬠(Barrios ;amp; Perlas, 2010). Since CCPââ¬â¢s invest a lot of energy with the patients they fill in as significant individual from the treatment group in diagnosing issues and watch whenever endorsed medicines are working. With the CCPââ¬â¢s doing this then that opens up the experts to work with more customers on a one on one premise. Difficulties Paraprofessionals in the human administrations field can be viewed as both a significant resource and an annoyance to the clinicians and the customers served. With all the decency that a paraprofessional brings the position likewise has a few negatives. During this turbulent economy, locale wind up engaging an assortment of arrangements as a methods for handling serious spending decreases, and schools are confronted with the outlandish undertaking of giving quality understudy administrations without sufficient assets. Thus, paraprofessionals may have consumed extra obligations recently performed by a powerful directing division. Additionally the CCPââ¬â¢s can be inappropriately prepared or regulated. In light of these two events the consideration gave can endure. At the point when individuals are exhausted they are bound to experience the ill effects of burnout. For this situation the absence of CCPââ¬â¢s can cause burnout in the interest of the experts and if the CCPââ¬â¢s are accomplishing more than they should they can get wore out. Overseeing Paraprofessional obligations ought not stretch out past data dispersal. At the point when the obligations venture into objective setting, arranging or dynamic, the paraprofessional has violated his/her expert limits. It is suggested that paraprofessional jobs and obligations be surveyed to guarantee that paraprofessionals don't reach out past their essential expected set of responsibilities (Barrios ;amp; Perlas, 2010). On the off chance that paraprofessionals are used, legitimate preparing and oversight are basic. Both preparing and oversight ought to be directed with guides playing a functioning job in both. Preparing strategies could remember singular one-for one trainings, little gathering trainings, or an in-administration preparing to the more noteworthy school network so as to separate the objectives and obligations among advocates and paraprofessionals. Trainings and management ought to incorporate unmistakably characterized duties and an advocate referral process. Distinguishing proof identifications, that incorporate name and position, ought to be given along moral and secrecy guidelines. Shutting Crisis Intervention Counseling assumes a significant job and advantages numerous individuals in their period of scarcity. With the bearing of society and the various spending cuts that are actualized every year, the influenced associations that offer these types of assistance must locate the most ideal approach to endure. In recruiting guiding focus paraprofessionals the gathering takes s
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Free Euthanasia Essays: Assisted Suicide and the Supreme Court :: Free Euthanasia Essay
Helped Suicide and the Supreme Court The Court maintained two state laws totally forbidding helped self destruction, expressing that Washington state's law doesn't abuse established assurances of freedom (Washington v. Glucksberg) and that New York's comparative law doesn't abuse sacred certifications of equivalent assurance (Vacco v. Plume). Oregon's law specifically allowing helped self destruction for specific patients had been found by one government locale court to damage equivalent security; that administering was not under the steady gaze of the Supreme Court. See Lee v. Oregon, 891 F.Supp. 1429 (D. Or then again. 1995), abandoned on different grounds, 107 F.3d 1382 (ninth Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 118 S. Ct. 328 (1997). As Chief Justice Rehnquist said as he would like to think in Glucksberg: Lee, obviously, isn't before us... what's more, we offer no sentiment concerning the legitimacy of the Lee courts' thinking. In Vacco v. Quill..., notwithstanding, chose today, we hold that New York's helped self destruction boycott doesn't abuse the Equal Protection statement. Washington v. Glucksberg, 117 S. Ct. 2258, 2262 n. 7 (1997) (accentuation included). Right up 'til the present time no re-appraising court in the nation has administered on the defendability of a law like Oregon's. The Court additionally said nothing regarding doling out this issue to state instead of government purview. In assessing the Nation's longstanding custom against helped self destruction, it refered to government authorizations, for example, the Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997 close by state laws. Delineating the administration's enthusiasm for ensuring critically ill patients, the Court well refered to a prior choice maintaining the government Food and Drug Administration's position to secure the in critical condition, no not exactly different patients, from life-jeopardizing drugs. Washington v. Glucksberg, 117 S. Ct. at 2272, citing United States v. Rutherford, 442 U.S. 544, 558 (1979). What the Court ruled is that laws disallowing helped self destruction (regardless of whether state or government) are naturally substantial and serve a few significant and genuine interests. Extracts follow: Washington v. Glucksberg The inquiry introduced for this situation is whether Washington's disallowance against caus[ing] or aid[ing] a self destruction outrages the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. We hold that it doesn't... In pretty much every State - surely, in pretty much every western majority rules system - it is a wrongdoing to help a self destruction. The States' helped self destruction bans are not developments. Or maybe, they are longstanding articulations of the States' responsibility to the assurance and conservation of all human life.
Monday, August 17, 2020
The Class of 2010 Ring Delivery
The Class of 2010 Ring Delivery [I know this is WAY overdue, since Ring Delivery was a while ago, but I blogged Ring Premiere and it would just seem unfair, wrong even, to leave it alone without its partner Ring Delivery. And seeing as the Brass Rat is one of MITs most famous tradition, I figure better late than never, right? Anyway, I know I also keep promising that Im back, and then falling off the face of the Earth (Im telling you, its flat, I swear) for eight years at a time, but finals were busy, and summer came and thats been busy too, and, well.. its not you, its me. Honest. From now on, Ill have to stop promising to come back regularly youll just have to trust me that these sporadic blog entries will come back to a steady stream (especially since we no longer have Rock Band in our room). Now get off my back, Mom. Uh, I mean.. now on to our regularly scheduled (although seriously late, they should start fining me like a library book) blog entry.] For more information about Ring Delivery, check out: The 2010 Ring Delivery Website Article in The Tech about the 2010 Ring Delivery Mollies 2007 Brass Rat Entry Meliss 2008 Ring Delivery Entry (which was also delayed. Seriously, Mom, chill out; I posted, didnt I??) Lauras 2009 Ring Delivery Blog Entry Post Tagged #Brass Rat
Sunday, May 24, 2020
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
America s Military Presence Is Necessary Overseas
The protection of citizensââ¬â¢ lives, foreign or domestic, is a critical necessity. As a result, the military is the most important organization in a country. In America, for instance, $598 billion is spent each year on the military (ââ¬Å"Federalâ⬠). Because this is such an expensive, important, and dangerous topic, it is often debated. One of the most common arguments is whether or not Americaââ¬â¢s military presence is necessary overseas. Due to its foreign benefits, positive domestic effects, and overall creation of World Peace, the negative side of the argument is outweighed. Americaââ¬â¢s military presence in foreign countries is necessary. First of all, any war that could occur would most likely be kept in foreign nations. On September 11, 2001,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦If a hostile action did take place, it will also contain most acts of terrorism, violence, and even wars in the foreign countries that are responsible for them. As a result, the citizens of America would be able to live carefree lives. In addition to foreign affairs, a domestic military presence can be used to support a foreign military presence. Many natural disasters occur each year in the United States, and it is important to help those in need. One of the worst natural disasters in Americaââ¬â¢s history was Hurricane Katrina. ââ¬Å"By the time Katrina made landfall on August 29, 2005, Americaââ¬â¢s military was mobilizing for emergency responseâ⬠(Berthelot). The most important benefit of this is the fact that soldiers save many lives from floodwaters, earthquake-shaken regions, and even areas scorched by wildfires. The military has equipment that regular citizens do not, and this is demonstrated by the lowered casualty statistics. In addition, the military often helps to rebuild structures and get the region back on its feet. As a result, individuals are able to continue to enjoy their lives. The same effects of a domestic presence would occur as a re sult of a foreign presence. Foreign citizens would be able to continue their lives even after disasters. Americaââ¬â¢s military also helps with domestic hostile occurrences. Recently, Ferguson consistently experienced riots and violence due to the shooting of an African American. The
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Laizzez faire Free Essays
Corporations are creatures of the State and therefore must be watched closely by the citizenry to their repetitions to disrupt the Smithson spontaneous order. These axioms constitute the basic elements of laissez-fairer thought, although another basic antidote-disregarded element Is that markets should be competitive, a rule that the early advocates buffaloes-faller have always emphasized Liberal Government introduce social welfare reforms in the early twentieth century In the late 19th century the British government practiced the principle of laissez- fairer. Laissez fairer means the business market are free from tariffs, government subsidies and enforced monopolies [2]. We will write a custom essay sample on Laizzez faire or any similar topic only for you Order Now Under the principle of Laissez fairer, government only provides simple maintenance of law and order, protect property rights against theft and aggression with regulations [3]. Individuals were responsible for their own decisions, to protect and improve their own lives and welfare. [l] After the general election in 1906, the Liberal welfare reform was introduced between 1906 to 1914, changing the attitude and policies towards the poverty. The liberal reforms for children are, free school meals, school medical inspections, Children ââ¬Ës charter act and school clinic. The old age pensions act, labor exchange for the unemployed and national insurance for workers were also carried out eventually within this period of time. [l] The attitude towards the working class shifted from individuality to a more aggregate way . The Liberal reforms changed the economy, politic and social circumstances[l] ,and lead Britain to a more well structuralizes and strong country. The reasons of the reforms were, changes in attitude, the Boer War, social reform, political changes and the fear of being overtaken. [4] The Ideology of Laissez fairer had assumed how a society should work , free trade, redeem of making a decision in the late 19th century before the liberal social reforms being introduce. The role of government was to make sure and guarantee the freedom of the citizens and market. They provided military forces to regulate the property rights and exchange between parties. 4] The principle Idea Is to allow citizens from greatest possible freedom. The central idea of this ideology was based on self-help, government was not responsible for the poverty and hardship for their citizens[l] Instead the citizensâ⬠¦ How does Social Darwinism reinforce Laissez-fairer? 1 OFF f good breeding you will not succeed, if you are, you will. Well, much like pre- destination, if you already know what is going to happen, whatââ¬â¢s the point of being good, improvin g yourself, etc. In that case, let the good times roll! Answer Usually the point is put differently. Social Darwinist oppose welfare (and if really extreme, even charity) on the grounds that it allegedly interferes with the functioning of the ââ¬Ëlaws of natural selectionââ¬â¢ and the ââ¬Ësurvival of the fittestââ¬â¢; they argue that any system other than laissez fairer will result in the unfit (who, they say, should simply perish) Redding like rabbits and so forth. In other words, they fall back on laissez fairer as a system that they are willing to accept. Some very extreme Social Darwinist would prefer to accelerate natural selection by artificial means as happened under the Nazis. Jounce Answer to break this down, the strongest will survive in free trade (this is the easy way to say it). If you have an unstable economy and no central gobo. You will fail and will not be able to participate in free-trade (Laissez-fair) Characteristics of Laissez-fairer related to social welfare 1 . Leadership Style Characteristics Emphasis on Performance Low emphasis on performance. Emphasis on People Low emphasis on people. DEAD RESHIP STYLE 2. Leadership Philosophy Assumptions about people People are unpredictable and trying to understand them is a waste of time. Assumptions about the role of a leader Keep a low profile, be obedient, and donââ¬â¢t make waves. 3. Management Skills Planning and Setting Objectives Plans and establishes objectives only if required to do so. Organizing Lives with whatever structure he is given. Controlling Abdicates controlling to employees. Decision Making Motivating Leaves people alone. Nothing seems to work anyway. Communicating Communication is non-committal, superficial, and avoided. Developing Leaves development up to employees. If people want to develop themselves, that is their business. Use of Reward and Punishment Avoids rewarding or punishing people. Approach to Handling Conflicts Ignores conflicts and hopes they will disappear. Approach to Handling Problems and Mistakes Ignores problems and mistakes unless forced to deal with them. Interpersonal Relationships with Employees Avoids close relationships and lets employees do pretty much as they please. Use of Power and Authority Power and authority are abdicated to whomever wants to assume them. Delegation Practices Responsibilities are assumed by default rather than through delegation. Benefits of Laissez-fairer Leadership Laissez-fairer leaders allow followers to have complete freedom to make discountenancing the completion of their work. The laissez-fairer leader using guided freedom provides the followers with all indiscriminateness to accomplish their goals, but does not directly participate in decision meaningfulness the followers request their assistance. Laissez-fairer leadership instills a higher sense of responsibility among team embers. This form of leadership exposes team members to tough business situations, helping them gain more experience and grow faster. Rearwards larger picture. This form of leadership can boost the commitment of team members to achieve the desegregated. Drawbacks of Laissez-fairer Leadership Laissez-fairer leadership may be the best or the worst of leadership styles. If the leader follows temporally understood definition and standard practice of noninterference and ââ¬Å"hands-offââ¬â¢ wonderfully leading his or her followers, the worst form of leadership is manifested. However,when the twenty-first century ropey prepares his or her followers, laissez-fairer lithographerââ¬â¢s as the ultimate form of leading. If team members do not have adequate experience or the required skills, the achievement targets may be at great risk. Important decisions that need to be taken at short notice can go horribly wrong. If people are not self-driven and disciplined, laissez-fairer leadership can lead to a great dealer inefficiency. The team may become prone to repeating mistakes and may fail to get out of problems eyeteeth encounter during a project. Team members may get off track and may not prioritize correctly. Scenarios Where Laissez-fairer Leadership can Work This is an effective style to use when: The prerequisite for laissez-fairer leadership is having a strong leader, with a proven trajectory of success. Followers are highly skilled, experienced, and educated. Followers are able to analyze the situation. Followers have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own. Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are being used. Followers are trustworthy and experienced. When close monitoring of a decision is not needed. Conclusions In this project we studied about laissez-fairer leadership in detail. Almost all the components affiliates-fairer leaderships has been discussed briefly. We can conclude from this study that Tallahassee-fairer leadership can be productive as well as destructive because everything depends phone situation of the crisis or condition. In those cases where subordinates are sophisticated, skillfulness experienced this style emerges with great innovative future perspective. Whereas in commences where subordinates are novice, denominated and with poor morale this Tyler causes greatcoats destroying the whole organization and leadership. Laissez- fairer should not be misstatement the empowerment of the employees in some organizations it could be true but it really deposition the behavior of leadership whether he is showing inactivity for the sake of his aloofness endlessness or he is trying to provide innovative environment to his skilled employee. Although theater numerous research studies on the topic to prove which leadership is best but we are not certainty but the best leadership style occurs which matches the situation How to cite Laizzez faire, Papers
Monday, May 4, 2020
Effective Communication and Leadership â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about theEffective Communication Leadership. Answer: This report reflects the key understanding on the internal and external factors which a medium sized company Sigma is facing from its business functioning. In this memo, it has been reflected that global services agents who are working with the company has failed to deliver proper level of information to organizations. In this report, study has been prepared to articulate problems, discussion points of the business functioning of Sigma Company to share the same with Mrs. Rania Singh customer service agent (Bryman Bell, 2015). Mrs. Rania Singh customer service agent is also required to understand that if she and other agents fails to comply with the policies and business regulations of Sigma Company then it will surely reduce the overall credibility of company in clients mind Details view points It is considered that medium sized company Sigma is running global business of providing management services to students who want to study abroad. It is evaluated that company has been facing various issues while formulating business strategies such as lack of management, non-availability of information and less efficient communication with its agents in other countries. It is evaluated that if Sigma wants to grow on further level then it has to make changes in its existing value chain activities (Crane Matten, 2016). Mrs. Rania Singh customer service agent has to understand that proper communication of relevant information is the key to the success of organization. However, the main effective plan for the company is to adopt effective enterprises resources planning method. This method helps company to establish proper level of communication plan which could be used by company to communicate with other agents in several countries through data base cyber mechanism. In addition to thi s, medium sized company Sigma is also facing problem to deliver its customized services to its clients as per their demands and need. Mrs. Rania Singh customer service agent should understand her integrate duty towards completion of set assigned tasks and works for the betterment of students and organizations growth as well. She should go through all the terms and conditions of offered packages which she will offer to students. This will not only increase the effectiveness of her communication skills with students but also provide the grievance resolutions method in determined approach (Beauchamp, Bowie Arnold, 2014). Considerable points by Mrs. Rania Singh customer service agent After considering all the policies, rules and regulation of company, it is evaluated that Mrs. Rania Singh customer service agent has to consider several points. She needs to get approval from the company if she wants use collected information for marketing and other activities. All the acts done by her should be ethical and legal. All the promises done by agent on the behalf of company to their clients should meet expectation (Tarhini, Ammar Tarhini, 2015). Mrs. Rania Singh customer service agent needs to understand all the key terms about the institutions and university in which student is going to complete his course. It is given that fair and ethical business practice should be followed by agents if they wants to take the business of organization to big level. In addition to this, the main impact of non-efficient business functioning could be found by evaluating the decreasing turnover of company. However, students go to abroad to make their career. Therefore, each and every agents should be integrated towards providing best possible services to students around the globe (Ross, 2015). She also have to evaluate if she and other service agent will deliver all the required details to students then it will surely increase companys credibility with the offered products. Summary and discussion In this memo, it is directed to Mrs. Rania Singh customer service agent that she should be completely indulged in complying with all the set policies and frameworks while delivering their services to students around the globe. However, integration and excellent articulation of packages offered by company should be ethical and in proper manner. Agents should not only establish one way communication between organizations to them but they should also gather compete level of relevant information for the organizations so that in future Sigma could develop customized services at large (Trevino Nelson, 2016). It is further observed that Mrs. Rania Singh customer service agent needs to evaluate all the terms and conditions of Sigma business before offering any international education packages to students. She should understand that effective communication and systematic working process of organizations are the key pillar of success for Sigma Company. Now in the end, it could be inferred tha t if Mrs. Rania Singh customer service agent wants to perform her job in effective manner then she should understand that complying with the rules and regulations of company as important as discharging her job activities. However, in case if she faces any issues throughout her job then she could directly communicate with the head department of organization. The main purpose of company is to build effective communication channel. If Mrs. Rania Singh customer service agent and other agent like her would perform their tasks in effective and determined approach then it will surely increate the overall turnover and students satisfaction with the offered education packages by Sigma Company. References Beauchamp, T. L., Bowie, N. E., Arnold, D. G. (Eds.). (2014). Ethical theory and business. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Ross, D. F. (2015).Distribution Planning and control: managing in the era of supply chain management. Springer. Tarhini, A., Ammar, H., Tarhini, T. (2015). Analysis of the critical success factors for enterprise resource planning implementation from stakeholders perspective: A systematic review.International Business Research,8(4), 25. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016).Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)