Hypocrisy In Islam Essays - Kafir, Iman, Jesus In Islam,

Hypocrisy In Islam My subject today is about Hypocrisy. This topic is of extreme importance in our daily lives, as it reflects our behavior, our manners, our faith in Allah, and His teachings. The word Hypocrisy is defined in Webster's dictionaries as: an act or a practice of feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not feel; especially, the false assumption of goodness. Therefore, a hypocrite is a false pretender and dissembler to virtue or piety. In the Islamic terminology, the word Hypocrisy is a substitute for 'Nifaq'. This word Nifaq has been mentioned in the Qur'an thirty-one (31) times in different forms such as: Nifaq; Munafiqoon; Munafiqat; Munafiqeen, and Nifaqan. Dear Muslims: There are some faults prevalent in society that a person may acquire, nurture and establish within himself which affect his personal behavior. The fault of hypocrisy is one of them. Allah hates those people who acquire this fault, and He therefore warns them that their punishment is indeed hell. Allah says in Sura At-Tauba: God hath promised the hypocrites, men and women, and the rejecters of Faith, the fire of Hell; therein shall they dwell; sufficient is it for them: for them is the curse of God, and an enduring punishment. (9:68) Allah has promised the hypocrites a heavy penalty by saying in Sura Nisa: To the hypocrites give the glad tidings that there is for them but a grievous penalty. Yea, to those who take the unbelievers as their leaders rather than the believers (4:138-139) Dear Muslims: One may ask why a person should act as a hypocrite? Or why he should be a hypocrite? The answer could be any of the following: 1. A person who has no faith in Allah, His Messenger, and the Day of Judgment may act as a hypocrite. 2. A person who has a weak faith may be trapped in his daily life to play the role of a hypocrite. 3. A person who lacks confidence in himself/herself may become a hypocrite. 4. A person who lacks security, morally, psychologically, or financially, may be led to be a hypocrite. 5. A person who is conceited, selfish, and who likes himself above all others, may play the game of hypocrisy so as to achieve his personal gains and to satisfy his ego. 6. A person who is not a man unto himself, and whatever he does is seeking assurance of success and gain. Hence, he plays the dirty game of hypocrite. A person who seeks to please everybody even if it demands his cheating, lying or stealing. Allah says in this regard in Sura Al-Munafiqun: When the hypocrites come to thee, they say, 'We bear witness that thou art indeed the Apostle of God.' Yea, God knoweth that thou art indeed His Apostle, and God beareth witness that the hypocrites are indeed liars. (63:1) Dear Muslims: These situations, factors and prerequisites may lead a person to be a hypocrite. The only way to cure this disease from people is that they should have faith in Allah, in His Messenger, Muhammad (pbuh), in the Day of Judgment and in the teachings of Islam. Even if he/she has a weak faith, he should try his/her best to strengthen it, and to enrich it daily. Therefore, it is a matter of having faith (Iman) or having no faith. Nifaq, hence is noticed and observed in those societies, in those families, and those individuals who, either have no faith, or who are weak in their faith. Dear Muslims: The signs of a hypocrite are many among which are the following three signs: 1. He lies whenever he talks. 2. He does not fulfill his commitment. 3. He betrays the trust that he takes. In this regard Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said: The signs of a hypocrite are three: when he speaks, he lies; when he gives an agreement, he does not fulfill his commitment; and when he is entrusted, he betrays the trust. (Reported by Abu Hurayrah - Agreed.) For this reason Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) informed us that a hypocrite is a mischievous person. He said: You will find that the worst person is double-faced; he meets one group of people with one side of his face, while another with the other side. (Reported by Abu Hurayra - Agreed.) Dear Muslims: Since this vice is most hated by Allah and His Messenger,

10 Tips to Help Stop Cyberbullying

10 Tips to Help Stop Cyberbullying 10 Tips to Help Stop Cyberbullying Sharon J. of Philadelphia PA, USA, was at work when the call came in. Her 6-year-old son was attacked in class by his peer with a pencil. She was horrified. Racing to the school, and then into the nurse’s office she found her terrified little boy with a bandage on his cheek. The nurse said that a little more to the right and the other child would have taken out Sharon’s little boys’ eye. The bully? A six-year-old little girl who wanted what the boy had for lunch instead of what was in her lunch box. The punishment, nothing. That’s right. After meeting with the mother of the little girl and the principal, Sharon was told, â€Å"kids fight†. She was only a little girl with a bad temper. The Statistics This and many other stories like it pour out of elementary, middle and high schools each day. The number of the bullying attacks is astounding. Almost 80% of students in the USA say that they have been bullied at one time or the other. Parents? If you think that since you are sending your precious child off to college that the bullying is finally going to be over, think again, that statistic above represents college age children. Yes, bullying in college is on the rise. Bullies, Bullies, Everywhere We could rattle off some numbers to try to impress upon our readers how many bullies are out there, but they wouldn’t be accurate. Due to embarrassment, shame, or just no-one to tell, many incidents of bullying are never reported. The facts are: Bullying in college will not stop unless the bullies are reported and they pay for their actions. Laws should be passed that punishes the parents as well as the child in incidents of bullying that cause harm to any individual. Bullying in college leads to suicide, depression, and drop-outs. The numbers will continue to rise unless parents, teachers and those being bullied don’t begin to report what is going on. There is a rise in the act of suicide because of cyberbullying in college. Much bullying begins in the home, and this leads to school and college bullying. Many children that are bullied by overbearing parents tend to show the same disregard for their peers on the school playground, on college campuses, and on the Internet. Adult Bullying? Yes, adults bully other adults. Australia reports show that they are #1 when it comes to workplace bullying. A target could be someone in the office that is: Well liked Smart They excel at their jobs Instead of trying to emulate the target a bully will try to manipulate them or sabotage their work. Many adult bullies are just people that do not cope well in society so they hide behind their bullying tactics. With bullies, it’s all about power. College Challenges After considering that there are adults who bully, parents must take the time to talk to their newly adult children on what a bully looks for in an individual target, and ask them if they are the bullies themselves. This conversation must be had if we are to limit the instances of bullying that are infecting our Universities. Most bullies target those who are Passive Submissive The new kid The quiet kid The kid that is not in a clique The kid that seems to always be in class early The kid with the high grades The kid that does not confront anyone or anything Kids of different races are often bullied Bullies in college have also been known to target handicapped persons and the elderly. As horrible as this may seem to be, it is true. They look for those that weaker than themselves. When Your Child is the Bully No parent wants to get the call that their child is being bullied, but no parent wants to be embarrassed to know that their child is the perpetrator of the bullying. Our first reaction is, â€Å"not my sweet innocent child, they couldn’t be so mean†. The one thing parents do know is their child. Sit down with your child and instead of lashing out at them, ask them what happened. Follow some of these suggestions: While listening to your child, only stop them if they are playing the blame game. Let them know you don’t want to hear what happened with other kids, just want part they played in the incident. Tell them that, when you point your finger at someone, 3 fingers are pointing back at you. Play a game of: what if it was you? Encourage them to have empathy for the bullied victim. Children and young adults need to learn empathy at home. If you as a parent always side with your child and never show them where they are wrong, you encourage them to be bullies. There is a poster that reads, â€Å"Children live what they learn†. This is so true, but that does not make you a bad parent. They could have gotten the bad habit of bullying from television or from their peers. Trying to fit in. Talk to them to see why they did what they did. And discuss ways of stopping it from happening again. If the bullying was cyber-bullying, your child should be made to get rid of the pages that were put up, and then make restitution to the individual that they harmed. Get the school involved in the punishment of the child who bullies and the apology to the victim. This should be a sit down of all parties involved. Sometimes this is enough to set a bullying kid straight. If you as a parent of a bully stops this behavior when it arises, bullies can change. Sometimes it’s physical, a mental imbalance, sometimes it can be the influence of violent games they are exposed to Many parents use video games to get their kids out of their hair. If your child has been exposed to years and years of violent games, they will have a violent nature and this could cause bullying. Cyber-Bullying Tips It was bad enough when you had to worry about the playground or the middle school bully, but with the internet providing the perfects storm for kids to bully, how do you cut the throat of this new threat? One thing parents need to do is to get the facts about cyber-bullying. It usually involves more than just one child doing the bullying and it can span over many types of venues. Some of the lethal weapons used to cyber bully are: Instant messages E-mails Posting pictures of your child without their, or your, permission Stealing your kid’s passwords and sending false messages on social media When your child is attacked by many on social many, this is called attack by proxy. This can be super dangerous because they can have their identity stolen and placed in porn sites without their knowing. The bullies will also post their private addresses and phone numbers. The reasons they do this is beyond one reason, but some are: They don’t think of the consequences of their actions, or They think they are getting back at the victim for some reason,   and   this person doesn’t see themselves as a bully. What Can Parents and Educators Do? First and foremost, have in place a set of guidelines and laws that address bullying behavior, and make serious consequences stick when bullying is observed and acknowledged. Also promote the following: An inclusive atmosphere campus wide. When students are more connected to one another there are less instances of bullying. Have in place policies based on bullying. If they are not in the student handbook, have the handbook redone to reflect the policies. Start groups such as writing groups where students can express what is going on with them in the college community. This gives students a voice. With this   college writing service, start some type of contest for student essays on bullying. Have a reporting place that students feel safe to tell on suspected bullies, confidentially. No student like to feel like a snitch, this is one reason for lack of telling. Model how to act by treating all with respect and dignity. Children, and young adults will usually emulate who is leading them. Offer a class on computer ethics. Teach children the importance of not sharing their passwords with anyone. Show them how to keep information that they find online as proof of cyberbullying. Get trained to handle bullying. Anyone on campus that must deal with children directly would do well to have a workshop on how to handle bullies in college. Listen to both sides, don’t pre-judge what you are hearing from one side of the story. Keep an open mind. Do not ignore it or feel that it is a passing situation. If you are told that a student feels threatened, take it seriously. Intervention is key. When something happens take the time to do something about it right away, refer to the policies on bullying and if you need help, get other adults involved. There truly is strength in numbers in a case of bullying. What can Students do? Students often develop cliques in college, and because you want to be   like by your friends,   you may often feel   the need to back them up no   matter what. In the case of bullying, this is not a way to help your friend. It takes a stronger friend to tell a friend that they are wrong when acting a certain way. If your friend decides that they are not going to like you anymore for telling them to do the right thing, then this is not a friend that you need in your life. When you witness someone on campus bullying another student, whether it is your friend or not, don’t join in. Instead try some of the following suggestions: Stay calm- don’t argue with either of them, instead say something like, â€Å"come on we don’t have to be like that, this is not high-school†. Many students in college do not want to be made to look like they are acting like high-schoolers and will stop the behavior, especially if a friend tells them this. If it is your friend, steer them away from the other person, they don’t necessarily have to kiss and make up or anything like that. Everyone is not going to like everyone. If you walk up on a fight, ask bystanders why they are not doing something and stop the fight. Taking one of the people away with you and showing bystanders that   they should get involved. Talk to a person that you know is a bully when you are alone with them. Confront their behavior and ask them why they choose to act that way. Give them reasons that you would not participate in that type of behavior, and if necessary, let them know that if they continue to show that type of behavior you will not be associated with them. If you are afraid of your friend that is a bully. Report them to an authority that will not tell that you reported them. It is better to do something than to wait for the worst to happen. This is just a few of the things that can be done when one is a bully. Cyber bullying has reached a high peak and if we as those on the sidelines don’t do something to correct the behavior in those that practice the bullying, we are just as guilty as they are, if not worse than them. So, if   you see it, report it, step in and   be a part of the   solution, not the problem.

Resolving Conflicts in a Business Enterprise Essay

Resolving Conflicts in a Business Enterprise - Essay Example The paper will examine the prospective views on how to address the incident of hostility and how to resolve the conflict through the intervention of higher executives. A narrative report that would function similar to a deposition will then be generated to simulate the actual occurrence of the said incident. According to Bergman and Moore (2007), a deposition can normally consist of a lawyer or a self-representing individual that asks the deponent with questions. It may seem informal in its sense since it is conducted within the premises of the enterprise, such as conference rooms with the absence of a judge. However, the deposition should be considered with an equal amount of importance as a testimony in court since it shares several characteristics with it. It is through the nature of a deposition that lawyers, as well as individuals that prepare the letter give utmost care on how they write as it could result to a major impact when taken to court. Conversely, the deponent must als o be extra careful in attaining accurate deposition testimony as it may have great repercussion on the ruling of the case (Bergman and Moore, 2007). Enterprise policies should ensure that complaints of illegal or unethical conducts are investigated and addressed as quickly and as effectively as possible. In addition, â€Å"whistleblowers† should also be given protection against reprisals for the complaints that they make that are in good faith. The enterprise should also support and follow reporting conditions which are mandatory.

Technology in classrooms Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology in classrooms - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, there has been a challenge in trying to get teachers to be comfortable and secure with their technology skills. This is particularly common with practical subjects such as social studies where technology applications would be used for tutoring purposes (Shriner et al., 2010). There has been a categorization of issues, which influence integration of technology into classrooms; they are curricular, social, environmental and personal aspects; moreover, environmental aspects refer to elements such as administrative support by the school, hardware and software. The social aspect focuses on the significance of communities, to support technology in classrooms. The personal aspect relates to the individual viewpoint on technology by teachers and their willingness to adapt it. Lastly, curricular aspects relate to use of technology in specific tutorial settings. That is, how the learning materials are linked with the course plans (Lih-Juan, 2007). It is widely agreeable among dif ferent social communities and educators that educational practices need to prepare students to flourish in the dynamic technological world, as it has gained acceptance. Hence, teachers are required to embrace technology and be willing to familiarize themselves with it. This will not only boost their confidence but also improve their teaching experiences as when applied effectively, technology enhances student learning, promotes shared learning and motivates them to seek more knowledge outside the classroom (Hubbel et al., 2012). In a bid to encourage teachers to familiarize themselves with technology advances in the classroom, various learning institutions have asked teachers to view them as a means of further developing themselves professionally; thus, this will advance their skills and knowledge. On the other hand, the learning institutions need to avail the necessary technologies to the teachers and ensure they are up-to-date whilst making their teaching schedules flexible enough for them to take the time to learn (Lih-Juan, 2007). Teaching tools that have come up due to advances in technology As aforementioned, there are the basic teaching tools that have been incorporated: the internet, LCD projectors, smart boards, document cameras and digital cameras. The internet is obviously the most widely used; teachers use it to access Web-based resources. The others offer visual assistance in the classrooms, which is the key in deepening understanding. The LCD projector is mounted in classrooms, for teachers to deliver Power Point presentations, share videos and other activities; moreover, it allows information from a single computer to be usable in a large group setting. Over time, this has proven to be the method that makes students of this generation responsive. The document camera has replaced the old overhead projectors and works hand in hand with the LCD projector. It enables teachers to magnify images and texts from diagrams, charts and textbooks for a bett er view by the students. The smart board enables charts, templates and diagrams to be rearranged, students can participate actively in the lesson and at the end, and it can be printed out as handouts for them. It requires lengthy training to use effectively but because of the eagerness it builds in students, teachers are

Areva Est Un Groupe French Essay

Areva Est Un Groupe French Essay Areva est un groupe franà §ais qui figure parmi les leaders mondiaux de là ©nergie nuclà ©aire. Il rà ©sulte de la fusion, en septembre 2001, de CEA Industrie, Framatome et Cogema. Cotà © sur le marchà © de lEuronext Paris, Areva est composà © de quatre principaux domaines dactività ©s qui sont: le pà ´le amont (extraction et enrichissement duranium), le pà ´le aval (recyclage des combustibles nuclà ©aires), le pà ´le rà ©acteur et services (construction de rà ©acteur nuclà ©aire et services au combustible) et jusquà   rà ©cemment, le pà ´le TD (transmission et distribution dà ©lectricità ©) sur lequel porte notre à ©tude. En analysant les relations entre la stratà ©gie globale du groupe et la dà ©cision de cà ©der le pà ´le TD, puis en à ©tudiant le contexte (performance de lentreprise†¦) nous aurons alors une meilleure comprà ©hension de la dà ©cision prise. Areva dispose de compà ©tences et dun savoir faire de trà ¨s haut niveau dans son secteur, rà ©sultat de plus de 60 ans dhistoire de là ©lectronuclà ©aire franà §ais. Le groupe a pour ambition dà ªtre à   la fois le fournisseur mondial dinfrastructures nuclà ©aires mais à ©galement du combustible nà ©cessaire à   lexploitation de ces infrastructures, ainsi que des services attachà ©s à   ce combustible. Anne Lauvergeon, Prà ©sidente du groupe, compare dailleurs volontiers parfois sa stratà ©gie avec celle de Nespresso, sous-entendant que les bà ©nà ©fices viennent en grande partie de lactività © combustible. La structure intà ©grà ©e des actività ©s dAreva, de la mine au retraitement en passant par la construction de rà ©acteurs est un avantage indà ©niable par rapport à   ses concurrents. Implantà © dans plus de cent pays, les actività ©s à   linternational dAreva ont une place importante dans la stratà ©gie de croissance du groupe, en sappuyant principalement sur la renaissance du nuclà ©aire qui a lieu actuellement, et, jusquà   la cession, sur les actività ©s de TD. Lanalyse du capital dAreva permet de mieux mesurer les enjeux: LEtat franà §ais dà ©tient environ 86% des fonds propres. Cette structure de capital peut apparaà ®tre comme contraignante pour le dà ©veloppement du groupe, lEtat nà ©tant pas autorisà ©, par exemple, et ce en raison de la là ©gislation europà ©enne, à   financer les investissements et laccroissement en capital. La sortie inattendue de Siemens du capital, les retards sur le chantier de construction du rà ©acteur Finlandais, la nà ©cessità © de dà ©velopper le groupe et de conquà ©rir de nouveaux marchà ©s, amà ¨nent, daprà ¨s les experts, à   des besoins estimà ©s à   environ 12 milliards dEuros dici 2015. Ces besoins sont une des raisons qui ont incità © là ©tat à   cà ©der le pà ´le TD à   Alstom pour 4 milliards dEuros et à   rà ©flà ©chir à   une ouverture et augmentation du capital. Certains analystes ont affichà © un doute quant à   la pertinence de cette cession, lactività © TD reprà ©sentant environ 45% du rà ©sultat dAreva et sappuyant sur un rà ©seau international dense. La Prà ©sidente, elle-mà ªme, ne souhaitait pas cette session. LEtat, quant à   lui, actionnaire principal, a avancà © la nà ©cessità © de fonds propres et de recentrage des actività ©s autour du nuclà ©aire. La dà ©cision prise par le gouvernement de vendre la branche TD nous semble donc pertinente eu à ©gard au contexte: la France est experte en nuclà ©aire et souhaite conserver cet avantage en permettant à   Areva de conquà ©rir de nouveaux marchà ©s, à   lexport notamment. Le besoin de capitaux est nà ©cessaire, TD nest pas dans le cÅ“ur de mà ©tier dAreva, et cette dà ©cision vient en cohà ©rence avec dautres dà ©cisions: augmentation du capital prà ©vue, ouverture à   de nouveaux investisseurs, objectif de hausse des dividendes†¦ Introduction Lentreprise que nous avons choisi dà ©tudier est AREVA.Areva est un des leaders mondiaux sur le marchà © de la production à ©nergà ©tique nuclà ©aire. Plus particulià ¨rement nous avons choisi de nous intà ©resser à   la dà ©cision stratà ©gique de cession dune de ses filiales, Areva TD (Transmission et Distribution). Cette cession, dà ©cidà ©e courant 2009, a à ©tà © effective dà ©but 2010. Alstom et Schneider, seront les nouveaux proprià ©taires de cette filiale, pour un montant estimà © à   4 milliards deuros. La vente de cette branche dactività © dAreva a fait couler beaucoup dencre, en effet de nombreux observateurs ont soulignà © lincongruità © pour lentreprise de se sà ©parer de sa  «vache à   lait » de TD, qui reprà ©sentait plus de 30% des ventes rà ©alisà ©es par AREVA en 2008[1] et les difficultà ©s que pourrait rencontrer le Groupe dans le futur. Cette vente, largement impulsà ©e par lactionnaire majoritaire dAreva, lEtat Franà §ais, nà ©tait pas souhaità ©e par le directoire dAreva, et par sa prà ©sidente, Anne Lauvergeon. Son caractà ¨re  «prà ©cipità ©Ã‚ » sexplique en grande partie par la sortie brutale de Siemens du capital dAreva NP, la filiale dAreva spà ©cialisà ©e dans la construction de rà ©acteurs et lapprovisionnement en combustible, contraignant Areva au rachat de ces parts. Nà ©anmoins il convient de sinterroger sur le bien fondà © de cette dà ©cision, et notamment de sa cohà ©rence avec lensemble de la stratà ©gie dAreva. Pour cela nous dà ©terminerons dans un premier temps les caractà ©ristiques de lentreprise Areva, puis nous tenterons de dà ©finir les enjeux du secteur sur lequel se trouve lentreprise, avant de nous interroger sur la cohà ©rence de cette dà ©cision. I Areva, un leader sur le secteur de lenergie A/ Prà ©sentation gà ©nerale du groupe et de sa stratà ©gie Prà ©sentation generale Le groupe Areva se dà ©finie comme  «lun des leaders mondiaux des solutions pour la production dà ©nergie sans CO ²Ã‚ » (daprà ¨s le document de rà ©fà ©rence 2009 de lentreprise) et il exerce ses actività ©s sur un secteur en plein essor: le marchà © porteur de là ©nergie. Il a su dà ©velopper des compà ©tences et un savoir faire particulier ce qui fait de lui  «un acteur de rà ©fà ©rence, au cÅ“ur des enjeux à ©nergà ©tiques. » Ses actività ©s concernent là ©nergie nuclà ©aire (construction de rà ©acteurs, exploitation nuclà ©aire, transport des matià ¨res radioactives) ainsi que les à ©nergies renouvelables (à ©oliennes) et le transport de là ©lectricità ©. Ce large portefeuille dactività © est le principal atout du groupe puisquen à ©tant prà ©sent sur toute la chaine du cycle nuclà ©aire il peut proposer à   ses clients des offres uniques à   chaque à ©tape de la chaine de valeur et des services associà ©s pour amà ©liorer lefficacità © à ©nergà ©tique des rà ©seaux et respecter lenvironnement. Sa prà ©sidente est Anne Lauvergeon depuis la crà ©ation de la socià ©tà © en 2001. Areva emploie 47817 personnes dans les actività ©s nuclà ©aires et renouvelables, le groupe est fortement implantà © à   linternational. En 2009, son chiffre daffaires consolidà © sest à ©levà © à   8 529 millions deuros et son rà ©sultat net à   552 millions deuros. La stratà ©gie globale du groupe Pour illustrer la stratà ©gie gà ©nà ©rale du groupe nous pouvons reprendre le propos de sa prà ©sidente dans une interview du 10 juillet 2008 pour le magazine Challenges:  «Luranium est un des à ©là ©ments moteurs de notre succà ¨s. Notre modà ¨le, cest Nespresso: nous vendons les cafetià ¨res, et le cafà © qui va avec. Et le cafà ©, cest trà ¨s rentable. Ainsi en Chine, nous avons vendu deux à ®lots nuclà ©aires, plus 35% de la production dUranium, dont nous sommes proprià ©taires. Cela illustre notre modà ¨le intà ©grà ©Ã‚ ». Grà ¢ce à   ce modà ¨le dintà ©gration verticale, le groupe peut anticiper les besoins du marchà ©, satisfaire au mieux la demande et ainsi avoir une longueur davance sur ses concurrents. Sa stratà ©gie est de proposer des offres multiproduits/multiservices innovantes et adaptà ©es aux nouvelles attentes des clients. Il a de plus une parfaite maitrise technologique (reconnue sur lensemble de la filià ¨re) qui sappuie sur 50 ans de recherche, des dà ©penses en RD importantes, des procà ©dà ©s proprià ©taires et des rà ©acteurs de nouvelles gà ©nà ©ration; si bien que pour lannà ©e 2009 son carnet de commande sà ©value à   prà ¨s de 43302 millions deuros. Sur le marchà © du nuclà ©aire, Areva est lun des seuls acteurs complà ¨tement intà ©grà © sur toutes les actività ©s du cycle du combustible et de la construction de centrales nuclà ©aires; il a donc a à ©tablie sa stratà ©gie sur une vision du nuclà ©aire civil à   lhorizon 2030. Dà ¨s 2006, le groupe a engagà © un programme dinvestissements importants pour lui permettre de saisir les opportunità ©s de marchà © lià ©es à   la renaissance du nuclà ©aire dans les diffà ©rents pays et ainsi conforter son statut dacteur de rà ©fà ©rence dans ce domaine. La maitrise de la chaine des approvisionnements en composants critiques par exemple est lun des facteurs clà ©s de succà ¨s pour le groupe. Avec la croissance du nuclà ©aire, Areva a aussi pour objectif de sà ©curiser le cycle du combustible pour ses clients actuels et futurs, ainsi que de trouver des solutions durables pour la gestion du combustible usà ©. AREVA dispose dans ce domaine dune avance majeure, puisque le groupe a dà ©veloppà © une technologie qui permet de recycler 96 % des matià ¨res contenues dans les combustibles usà ©s et de les valoriser sous forme de combustible. Ensuite, fort des synergies entre le nuclà ©aire et les à ©nergies renouvelables, le groupe souhaite dà ©velopper une large gamme de solutions dans les à ©nergies renouvelables puisquil en a lexpertise technique et que ce secteur est en plein essor. Pour mettre en Å“uvre sa stratà ©gie, Areva sappuie sur plusieurs facteurs incontournables:  § Le capital humain: en 2009, le groupe a recrutà © 12675 personnes.  § La RD: 6% du CA en moyenne depuis 2005  § Les investissements industriels: Sur la pà ©riode 2010 -2012, AREVA prà ©voit une dà ©pense de 6,5 milliards deuros dinvestissements (hors acquisitions).  § Les partenariats stratà ©giques: ils apportent leur savoir faire et leur technicità © et leur connaissance des marchà ©s locaux B/ Les Domaines dactività ©s stratà ©giques Areva, possà ¨de plusieurs domaines dactività ©s stratà ©giques, tous relià ©s au secteur de là ©nergie. Ces actività ©s se dà ©composent en 4 pà ´les eux-mà ªmes dà ©coupà ©s en business unit.  § Le pà ´le Amont: extraction et enrichissement duranium  § Le pà ´le Aval: recyclage des combustibles nuclà ©aires  § Le pà ´le rà ©acteurs et services: construction de rà ©acteurs nuclà ©aires  § Le pà ´le transmission et distribution dà ©lectricità ©: fabrication et installation dà ©quipements. Le pà ´le Amont: produire du combustible Cette actività © regroupe lensemble des mà ©tiers situà ©s en amont de la chaine de la production dà ©lectricità © dorigine nuclà ©aire. Il a rà ©alisà © un CA de prà ¨s de 3,47milliards deuros en 2009 (prà ¨s des deux tiers en Europe) et permet au groupe de croitre davantage. On peut distinguer plusieurs sous actività ©sou business unit: Mines: la recherche, lextraction et la concentration duranium (mines exploità ©es au Canada, au Niger et au Kazakhstan)à   25% du CA en 2009 du pà ´le Amont Chimie: La conversion en hexafluorure duranium (chimie)à   7% du CA Enrichissement: les services denrichissement duraniumà   34% du CA Combustible: les actività ©s de conception et de production du combustible nuclà ©aireà   34% Reprà ©sentant 41% du CA total dAreva en 2009, le modà ¨le à ©conomique de ce pà ´le est basà © sur de lourds investissements à   long terme et repose sur « la capacità © à   offrir tous les produits et services nà ©cessaires à   lalimentation des centrales nuclà ©aires. » Areva est lun des leaders mondiaux de lamont du cycle nuclà ©aire. Le pà ´le rà ©acteurs et services Ce pà ´le consiste à   concevoir et à   fabriquer des rà ©acteurs nuclà ©aires de 2à ¨me gà ©nà ©ration (rà ©acteurs à   eau sous pression et rà ©acteurs à   eau bouillante) et des rà ©acteurs REP de 3à ¨me gà ©nà ©ration. Areva produit aussi des rà ©acteurs à   propulsion navale et des rà ©acteurs de recherche. A cela sajoute les actività ©s de services de maintenance et des actività ©s dà ©dià ©es aux à ©nergies renouvelables (ex: fabrication dà ©oliennes). Il rà ©alise en 2009 un CA de 3418 millions deuros soit environ 40% du CA dAreva. On distingue 7 business unit: Les rà ©acteurs (41% du CA du pà ´le) Les services nuclà ©aires (24%) Areva TA (12%) Equipements (9%) Mesures nuclà ©aires (5%) Conseils et systà ¨me dinformation (4%) Energies renouvelables (5%) Les rà ©acteurs dAREVA sont implantà ©s dans les principales rà ©gions du monde : Europe occidentale, Amà ©riques, Chine, Corà ©e du Sud et Afrique du Sud. Ses principaux concurrents sont des groupes comme Westinghouse/Toshiba ou General Electric/ Hitachi. Lallemand Siemens dà ©tient 34% du capital de la filiale Areva NP qui se charge de la fabrication des rà ©acteurs civils. Or celui-ci a annoncà © quil souhaitait revendre progressivement ses parts pour sallier avec le russe Atomenergoprom ce qui pourrait mettre Areva en difficultà © puisque ce DAS lui rapporte 40% du CA en 2009 Areva a voulu à ©largir son offre avec le business unit  «Ãƒ ©nergies renouvelables » et se dà ©veloppe dans là ©olien, les bioà ©nergies (centrales à   biomasses et à   biogaz clà © en main) En 2010 le groupe acquiert la socià ©tà © Ausra spà ©cialisà ©e dans les technologies du solaire thermique de concentration et cela lui permet de devenir un acteur majeur dans le domaine des à ©nergies renouvelables, et proposer à   ses clients des centrales solaires compà ©titives et efficaces. Le pà ´le Aval: gestion des combustibles Il rà ©alise en 2009 un CA de 1,637 milliard deuros contre 1,692 en 2008. Il reprà ©sente 19% du CA du groupe et concerne toutes les actività ©s lià ©es au traitement et au recyclage des combustibles usà ©s: cest-à  -dire la rà ©cupà ©ration et valorisation des dà ©chets duranium et de plutonium en mà ©langes doxyde, la fabrication de rà ©servoirs de stockage des dà ©chets, lassainissement des sites†¦ Il y a 5 business unit: Traitement et recyclage: cette BU rà ©cupà ¨re les matià ¨res valorisables (uranium et plutonium) des combustibles usà ©s afin de les recycler sous une autre forme de combustible à   61% du CA de lactività © Valorisation: Cest lorganisation de lassainissement des à ©quipements et installations, dà ©mantà ¨lement des sites à   14 % Logistique: transport et emballage des dà ©chets nuclà ©airesà   15% Assainissement: maintenance dinstallations, dà ©contamination et dà ©mantà ¨lement des sites à  7% Ingà ©nierie: assister les opà ©rateurs nuclà ©aires dans là ©volution de leurs installations à  2% Le groupe grà ¢ce à   ce DAS possà ¨de un avantage compà ©titif particulià ¨rement important (contexte de rà ©duction de lempreinte nuclà ©aire et de lacceptation du nuclà ©aire par le grand public) en lui permettant dà ªtre leader mondial sur cette partie du cycle nuclà ©aire. En effet, lintà ©rà ªt de cette actività © rà ©side dans le fait que le recyclage du combustible usà © contribue à   à ©conomiser les ressources naturelles en uranium. De plus, il facilite la gestion des dà ©chets radioactifs en rà ©duisant significativement leur volume et leur radio-toxicità ©. Plusieurs pays, qui souhaitent lancer un programme à ©lectronuclà ©aire ambitieux, se tournent vers la technologie du recyclage, Areva apparait donc comme lacteur incontournable. Dans ce domaine, les procà ©dà ©s technologiques mis en Å“uvre par Areva ont atteint leur maturità © industrielle et permettent doffrir aux clients des conditions commerciales compà ©titives. Le pà ´le TD Il propose des systà ¨mes permettant le transport dà ©lectricità © (moyenne et haute tension) du lieu de production vers le client final. En outre Areva installe des systà ¨mes complets et fournie des services adaptà ©s à   chaque segment de marchà © (transmission, distribution et industrie à ©lectro-intensive). Les solutions proposà ©es par le pà ´le permettent de faire fonctionner les rà ©seaux à ©lectriques de manià ¨re fiable, stable tout en respectant lenvironnement. On peut dà ©composer ce pà ´le en 4 business unit: Produit: la conception et fabrication de produits de moyenne et haute tension pour acheminer là ©lectricità © de la centrale jusquaux utilisateursà  55% du CA Systà ¨mes: linstallation de systà ¨mes à ©lectroniques et informatiques lià ©s à   la gestion des rà ©seauxà  30 % Automation: la fabrication et linstallation de sources de pilotage en temps rà ©el des rà ©seaux à ©lectroniquesà  9% Services: assistance aux clients, maintenance et de rà ©parationà  6 % du CA Ce domaine dactività © stratà ©gique dAreva contribue à   faire de la socià ©tà © un leader sur le marchà ©. Depuis 2004, là ©quipe dirigeante dAREVA TD a mis en Å“uvre des plans damà ©lioration sur 3 ans, qui ont contribuà © au repositionnement de lentreprise. En effet, la marge dexploitation dAREVA TD est passà ©e de 3,2 % en 2004 à   7,4 % en 2009 Ce pà ´le a rà ©alisà © un CA en 2009 de 5,474 milliards deuros, mais bien quà ©tant lactività ©  «vache à   lait » du groupe, il est actuellement en cours de cession. Cest le pà ´le le plus internationalisà © du groupe avec plus de 60% du CA du pà ´le rà ©alisà © hors de lEurope. C/ Linternationalisation Dà ¨s la crà ©ation dAREVA, lobjectif du groupe à ©tait de devenir un leader mondial dans ses mà ©tiers et dassurer une prà ©sence internationale sur tous les mà ©tiers du nuclà ©aire. Le groupe a donc dà ©veloppà © une stratà ©gie dinternationalisation afin de bà ©nà ©ficier dune base de clients à ©largie et simplanter au niveau mondial. Aujourdhui AREVA est un groupe mondial avec une prà ©sence commerciale dans plus de 100 pays et qui ne cesse de se dà ©velopper. Le groupe AREVA dans le monde Source: www.areva.com En Europe, AREVA est vite devenu un leader dans ses mà ©tiers. Cette fusion a permis au groupe de faire directement face à   la concurrence mondiale, notamment celle dAsie et dAmà ©rique du Nord. Le groupe AREVA a donc dabord utilisà © une stratà ©gie de croissance de fusion avant de pouvoir lancer son internationalisation. Aujourdhui les perspectives de croissance en Europe sont assez positives. Le marchà © du nuclà ©aire continue de se dà ©velopper en Europe de lOuest et des projets sont en cours de prà ©paration en Europe de lEst. Le marchà © des à ©nergies renouvelables est aussi en pleine croissance grà ¢ce à   la volontà © de lUnion Europà ©enne de dà ©velopper ce type dà ©nergie. La zone Europe reprà ©sente 57% du chiffre daffaires du groupe en 2008. En Amà ©rique du Nord, limplantation a commencà © avec lacquisition de la socià ©tà © amà ©ricaine Canberra et puis Duke Engineering en 2002, qui renforce la position dAREVA en tant que pilier dans le secteur de là ©nergie. La stratà ©gie à ©tait donc de simplanter rapidement afin de pà ©nà ©trer le marchà © efficacement. Cependant, cette stratà ©gie peut à ªtre critiquà ©e car une implantation aussi rapide nà ©cessite des frais dintà ©gration en termes de construction de culture dentreprise et de business model cohà ©rent dans tout le groupe. Aujourdhui le chiffre daffaires dans la zone Amà ©rique est en là ©gà ¨re baisse mais les perspectives de croissance sont positives, notamment sur le marchà © des à ©nergies renouvelables avec les marchà ©s de la bioà ©nergie en forte expansion au Brà ©sil. La zone Amà ©rique correspond à   14, 7 % du chiffre daffaires total en 2008. Dans la zone Asie et Pacifique, le groupe AREVA possà ¨de 11 sites industriels, une usine quil dà ©tient à   100%. De plus, le groupe a mis en place des partenariats avec des entreprises locales, appelà ©es  «co-entreprises ». Cette stratà ©gie est assez cohà ©rente à ©tant donnà ©, quAREVA cherchait à   pà ©nà ©trer le marchà © Asiatique assez rapidement et les partenariats avec des entreprises locales vont permettre au groupe de mieux cerner les enjeux et les habitudes culturelles de travailler dans cette zone et dans ce secteur. Le marchà © Asiatique a une taille trà ¨s importante, lInde et la Chine sont des pays avec de forte consommation en à ©nergie. La Corà ©e du Sud et le Japon dà ©veloppent la construction de centrale nuclà ©aire. Par ailleurs, le marchà © des à ©nergies renouvelables est aussi en dà ©veloppement dans cette zone, avec la volontà © des gouvernements de favoriser la bioà ©nergie, le solaire et la fibre hydrogà ¨ne. La zone Asie et P acifique reprà ©sente 19,5% du chiffres daffaires total en 2008. Le groupe AREVA est aussi prà ©sent dans la zone Afrique et Moyen-Orient et intervient majoritairement dans les actività ©s des Business Groups Mines, Amont et Rà ©acteurs Services. AREVA exploite luranium au Niger, oà ¹ le groupe bà ©nà ©ficie de tarifs prà ©fà ©rentiels. Par ailleurs, cest au Qatar, que la filià ¨re TD signe son plus grand contrat. Le groupe AREVA veille donc à   saccaparer les opportunità ©s intà ©ressantes dans la zone Afrique et Moyen-Orient. Les perspectives de croissance ne sont intà ©ressantes à   lheure actuelle que pour le marchà © de là ©nergie nuclà ©aire avec lintà ©rà ªt des pays du Golfe et ceux dAfrique du Nord pour lutilisation de cette à ©nergie. Source: www.areva.com Le groupe AREVA a su donc se dà ©velopper à   linternationale assez rapidement en cernant les marchà ©s avec les perspectives les plus intà ©ressantes. Cependant, on peut noter que cette implantation sest faite dans une durà ©e de temps trà ¨s rapide dans certaines rà ©gions grà ¢ce à   lacquisition de socià ©tà ©s locales. Cette stratà ©gie permet au groupe AREVA de pà ©nà ©trer le marchà © efficacement et dà ©crocher des contrats intà ©ressants. Nà ©anmoins, il est important de souligner que chaque zone gà ©ographique doit à ªtre rassemblà ©e sous là ©gide dune culture et dun business model commun. Les concurrents dAREVA, ont pour la plupart une histoire beaucoup moins rà ©cente et se sont dà ©veloppà ©s à   linternationale avec une stratà ©gie diffà ©rente. Le groupe amà ©ricain Westinghouse sest implantà © par le biais de fusion et dacquisition notamment en Europe. D/ les actionnaires Structure de lactionnariat AREVA a à ©tà © crà ©Ãƒ © le 3 septembre 2001, à   partir de lex-structure CEA-Industrie dont le capital à ©tait dà ©tenu à   95 % par le CEA (Commissariat à   là ©nergie atomique). Aujourdhui, la participation du secteur public(CEA, Etat et ERAP) dans le capital du groupe sà ©là ¨ve à  87 %. Les4 % de capitaux flottantsont dà ©tenus par lesporteurs de certificats dinvestissement. Depuis, de nombreux actionnaires (Total, EDF) ont apportà © diverses participations minoritaires dà ©tenues principalement dans COGEMA (devenue, depuis, AREVA NC) et Framatome SA (devenue AREVA NP) en à ©change de titres du nouveau groupe AREVA. La participation de lactionnaire historique (le CEA) est passà ©e de 95,1% à   78,96% à   lissue de ces opà ©rations. Alcatel, qui dà ©tenait 2,23% du capital du nouveau groupe AREVA, a vendu sa participation le 21 dà ©cembre 2001 à   la Caisse des Dà ©pà ´ts et Consignations (CDC). Cette dernià ¨re qui possà ©dait 1,36% du capital sest ainsi renforcà ©e à   un niveau de 3,59%.[2] Evolution de lactionnariat Source: http://www.areva.com/FR/finance-402/index.html Actionnaire 2009 De 2001 à   2008 2000 Capital Vote Capital Vote Capital Vote CEA 78,96% 82,99%* 78,96% 82,99% 95,14% 100,00% Etat 5,19 % 5,19 % 5,19 % 5,19 % CDC 3,59 % 3,59 % 3,59 % 3,59 % ERAP 3,21 % 3,21 % 3,21 % 3,21 % EDF 2,42 % 2,42 % 2,42 % 2,42 % Framà ©pargne** 0,62 % 0,62 % 0,62 % 0,62 % CALYON** 0,96 % 0,96 % 0,96 % 0,96 % Total 1,02 % 1,02 % 1,02 % 1,02 % Porteurs de CI 4,03 % 4,03 % 4,86 % 0,00 % AREVAauto-Contà ´le 0,2 % Lactionnariat dAREVA est partagà ©: lEtat franà §ais est proprià ©taire direct et indirect: 5.19% de dà ©tention propre et 78.96% et 3.59% à   travers respectivement le Commissariat à   lEnergie Atomique ainsi que la Caisse des Dà ©pà ´ts et Consignation. Dautre part, des actionnaires minoritaires sont proprià ©taires du reste du capital de lentreprise (ce sont en majorità © de grands groupes franà §ais qui dà ©tiennent ces participations tels quEramet ou Safran.) Evolution du cours de laction Lintroduction en bourse de lentreprise Areva date de septembre 2001. La valeur du titre na cessà © de croitre sur la pà ©riode 2001-2007; le titre à ©tant passà © de 163.8 euros à   731.38 en moyenne. Ensuite, en une annà ©e, il a perdu plus du double de sa valeur pour atteindre un cours moyen en 2008 de 335 euros. Ceci sexplique par plusieurs facteurs, notamment une baisse de là ©nergie nuclà ©aire qui est intervenue en 2008 mais à ©galement la mauvaise à ©valuation de certains chantierscomme celui du rà ©acteur finlandais dOlkiluoto oà ¹ le coà »t de construction du rà ©acteur a à ©tà © dà ©passà © de plus de deux et milliards deuros. Consà ©quences de la structure actionnariale sur la stratà ©gie du groupe Les dà ©cisions stratà ©giques du groupe AREVA ne peuvent à ªtre prises sans laval du gouvernement franà §ais, ce qui a pour effet de minimiser le rà ´le des dirigeants de lentreprise. Ce postulat est trà ¨s important et contraint fortement le groupe dans ses politiques de financement. En revanche, Cette proprià ©tà © de lEtat parait là ©gitime : eu à ©gard de limportance des coà »ts fixes pour une telle socià ©tà ©, aucun dà ©veloppement naurait à ©tà © possible sans la prà ©sence dun investisseur aussi important que lEtat. De surcroà ®t, cest lEtat qui permet, à   travers les visites prà ©sidentielles, à   lentreprise de nà ©gocier de gros contrats dans les pays à ©trangers. Toutefois, il convient de relativiser limportance de lEtat puisque celui-ci a prà ©vu de rà ©duire ses parts lors dune augmentation de capital qui devrait intervenir cet à ©tà © (annà ©e 2010) et dont il na pas prà ©vu de participer (seule une participation symbolique est prà ©vue). E/ la performance de lentreprise vis -à  -vis de ses concurrents Performance à ©conomique au sein de la filià ¨re  § Chiffre daffaire LEurope est le principal marchà © client dAREVA, totalisant 63,6% du CA en 2009 dont 38,2% est rà ©alisà © en France. Cette tendance est particulià ¨rement marquà ©e pour les pà ´les AMONT et REACTEURS ET SERVICES dont environ 75% de lactività © provient de France et des autres pays europà ©ens. AREVA connait donc une forte dà ©pendance auprà ¨s du marchà © europà ©en. Par ailleurs, les ventes rà ©alisà ©es en Asie-Pacifique et aux Amà ©riques reprà ©sentent un tiers du chiffre daffaire, tandis que le groupe a pà ¢tit dun change euro/dollar dà ©favorable. A là ©chelle internationale, AREVA connaà ®t une forte concurrence au sein des actività ©s AMONT, devancà ©e par CAMECO et RIO TINTO dans lextraction, puis par URENCO et USEC dans lenrichissement. Son principal concurrent, prà ©sent sur lensemble des actività ©s AMONT et REACTEURS et SERVICES est le russe Atomenergoprom. AREVA conserve sa position de leader international au sein pà ´le AVAL. Son chiffre daffaire a cependant reculà © de 17% en 2008 et de 3,3% en 2009. En effet, cette actività © rà ©pond essentiellement au besoin dEDF dont AREVA est dà ©pendante. De ce point de vue, AREVA a su capter un contrat important signà © avec EDF en 2008 pour le recyclage de combustibles usà ©s de 2008 à   2040. Part du chiffre daffaire des principaux acteurs de la filià ¨re nuclà ©aire en 2008 (source à ©tude Xerfi 9CHE27) :  § Acquisitions Le groupe a soutenu la croissance du pà ´le TD en 2009 grà ¢ce à   plusieurs acquisitions qui lui ont permis dà ªtre compà ©titif sur le vieux continent. Il a gà ©nà ©rà © en 2008 38% du CA et 10% des commandes conduisant ainsi à   une croissance de 17% par rapport à   lannà ©e prà ©cà ©dente. Les chiffres de 2009 ne sont pas dà ©taillà ©s dans le document de rà ©fà ©rence de 2009 publià © par Areva, lactività © à ©tant en cours de cession. Il a par ailleurs investi dans les à ©nergies renouvelables grà ¢ce à   lacquisition de là ©quipementier brà ©silien Koblitz, gà ©ant de la construction clà © en main de centrales à ©lectriques biomasses ou hydroà ©lectriques. AREVA devient pour le moment un des constructeurs de centrales dont loffre est la plus diversifià ©e.  § Rà ©sultat opà ©rationnel Malgrà © la hausse du chiffre daffaire, le rà ©sultat opà ©rationnel a lui chutà © presque de moitià © (-44,3% en 2008). Cela sexplique notamment par les difficultà ©s rencontrà ©es dans la construction de lEPR OL3 en Finlande pour lequel 749 millions deuros de provisions ont du à ªtre passà ©es.  § Ratios dutilisation des actifs Daprà ¨s les donnà ©es de In financials au 31/12/2009, AREVA prà ©sente un  «cash ratio » (total du cash disponible sur les dettes courantes) de 9,35%, soit 12 points infà ©rieurs à   la moyenne de ses concurrents. Le groupe dispose de peu de liquidità ©s, ce qui peut le mettre en difficultà ©s à ©tant donnà © lintensità © capitalistique de lindustrie nuclà ©aire. Ainsi, si AREVA veut conserver son avance sur ses concurrents elle sera amenà ©e à   rà ©cupà ©rer du cash afin dinvestir massivement. La performance à ©conomique du groupe est tout de mà ªme satisfaisante avec une rentabilità © des capitaux propres de 1,95 soit plus dun point supà ©rieure à   la moyenne de ses concurrents.  § Participations Le groupe semble opà ©rer une stratà ©gie de recentrage pour ne garder que les participations majoritaires autour de lactività © de production dà ©nergie nuclà ©aire. En effet, il a annoncà © sa volontà © de cà ©der ses participations dans lopà ©rateur minier et de mà ©tallurgie Eramet et dans le fabriquant de semi-conducteur STMicroelectronics. Position dAREVA vis-à  -vis de ses concurrents  § Partenariats Le secteur du nuclà ©aire à ©tant trà ¨s concentrà © et fortement capitalistique, les spà ©cialistes mondiaux des centrales clà ©s en main ont à ©tà © amenà © à   signer des alliances stratà ©giques à   plusieurs niveaux: Stratà ©gique: en sassociant avec des socià ©tà ©s dextraction duranium afin dassurer lapprovisionnement en matià ¨res premià ¨res. Exemple: Areva et Kazaromprom Technologique: dà ©veloppement de coopà ©ration intra branche pour construire des rà ©acteurs communs, atteindre rapidement une taille critique et bà ©nà ©ficier de synergies dans le domaine des achats, des savoir-faire technologiques. Exemples: Hitachi et GE (2007), Areva et MHI (2008), Siemens et Atomenergoprom (2010) Economique: en sassociant avec des distributeurs dà ©lectricità ©s locaux afin dapporter au client une solution complà ¨te de la construction à   lexploitation. Exemple: Areva et E.On au Royaume-Uni, Areva, GDF Suez et Total  · Compà ©titività © sur le vieux continent Siemens qui dà ©tient 34% du capital dAREVA NP a annoncà © fin janvier 2009 quil cà ¨derait totalement ses parts dici à   2012 pour mettre fin à   ce partenariat financier. Siemens explique son dà ©sengagement par linsuffisante coopà ©ration managà ©riale. Ce partenariat permettait

A few factors Essay

Investigation A few factors (the gradient/height of ramp, the mass of the object, friction, gravity, the energy act on the object or the length of object) can affect the final speed of an object at the end of the ramp. Planning I am going to do my investigation on ‘ mass of the object’ which I think it is one of the factors that will affect the final speed of an object at the end of the ramp because when gravitational potential energy equals to mass times gravity times height, so if mass is increased, the gravitational potential energy will increase in proportionally. I will do the experiment by adding weights on top of a wooden cart to increase the mass, and then I will time how long it takes to fall down from the ramp and calculate the final speed by: Diagram Weight add to the cart (grams) 0 100 200 300 400 Time (sec) 6’78 6’07 7’21 6’86 6’93 Weight add to the cart (grams) 500 600 700 800 900 Time (sec) 7’19 7’03 6’61 6’77 6’57 My experiment results are: According to the results, mass does not affect the final speed of an object at the end of the ramp. I think this is because when something is dropped, it will transfer from gravitational potential energy to kenetic energy So I am going to change my investigation on the height of the ramp. I think height of the ramp will affect the final speed of an object when height of the ramp is increased, the gravitational potential energy will increase proportionally due to: G. P. E. = mass x gravity x height Method of doing the experiment I am going to do it by using a ramp that I can increase the height. Then I will release the cart at the top of the ramp and time how long it will take for the cart to come down. I will increase the height by 5cm each time (5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm and 30cm). I will take down the time thrice to get the average time of it because it is more reliable. Then I will work out the average speed. I will divide the length of the ramp by the time taken and work out the final speed by doubling the average speed. The length of the ramp is one metre and the weight of the cart is 900 grams. I can make this a fair test by not pushing the cart, doing average on the time, and keeping the mass the same. Apparatus I will need. A clamp to hold the ramp, A ramp, A wooden cart as the object and A stopwatch for timing for the experiment. Safety features I will make sure it is safe by putting books at the end to stop the cart from bumping into others’ feet and I will make sure no one is standing near it. I will do the whole experiment on the ground because this can stop things from falling down the table and hit people’s feet. Diagram Evidence/results I have my experiment results after all of this and they are: Height(cm) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Average Time(sec) 4’09 2’31. 1’80 1’54 1’37 1’10 According to the results, there seems to be a trend. So, I think I will calculate the final speed. Height(cm) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Final speed(cm/s) 0. 489 0. 865 1. 111 1. 299 1. 46 1. 818 The trend is obvious now. It shows that whenever the height is increased, the time taken will decrease and the final speed of the cart will increase. From we calculate gravitational energy (mass x gravity/acceleration x height), height seems to be one of the main factors that can affect the G. P. E. because as height increases, the G. P. E.will be affected by it. Example: if an object with constant gravity (x), constant mass (y) but falls from changing heights (5 and 10), the outcome will be 5xy and 10xy and this also proved that when the height is increased, the G. P. E. will increase. The forces of gravity pulls down on all objects have on Earth. If objects are allowed to fall, they accelerate downwards. Therefore, if an object is allowed to fall from a higher place, the gravity will pulls down the object with a greater force and the object will accelerate faster as it comes down. If the object falls from a higher place, there will be more time for the object to accelerate, so the final speed of the object will be faster, and as the gravitational force is greater, the object is being pulled harder and quicker. Therefore, this explains why an object will have a faster final speed at the end of the ramp whenever the height of the ramp is increased. At first, I did an experiment on ‘mass of the object’ that the experiment doesn’t work. I have found out that mass doesn’t affect the final speed of an object. When an object is held at a certain point, gravitational potential energy is stored; when it is dropped, it will transfer gravitational potential energy to kenetic energy. So that means: Gravitational potential energy = kenetic energy Mass x gravity x height = 0. 5 x mass x velocity This shows that ‘mass’ exists on both sides of the equation, that means it can be cancel out to simplified the equation. So the equation will become: Gravity x height = 0. 5 x velocity That means ‘mass’ does not affect the ‘velocity’ on the right side of the equation. Graph I have also plotted a graph of height against final speed, and after that, I have drawn a line of best fit. The graph shows a straight line of best fit. The graph shows a straight line of best fit and this shows height and final speed are in direct proportion. This proves when the height of the ramp is increased, the final speed is increased and this means the object accelerates faster. Evaluations My results are quite accurate because on the graph, all of the results go very near the best-fit line. My results are quite reliable, as I do every height for three times and take the average of it. I can make the results more accurate by using a light sensor with the computer. This will be more accurate then using a stop watch because human need a time to react before their brain do what it is told to do which is the reaction time. I think my method of doing the experiment is quite good because I can get accurate results from it. I can improve it by putting the ramp more stable and firmer because the ramp keeps on sliding down the slide. I think the method of doing the experiment is quite good because it gives me a quite accurate result and it takes less than half an hour to finish the experiment. At first, I did an experiment on ‘mass of the object’ that takes about 45 minutes but I got results that are not appropriate for my experiment. So I quickly change the investigation on another topic. Although it wastes lots of time, I learn that mass of an object will not affect the final speed of a falling object.

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal Essay

In the first hundred days of FDR’s presidency he passed fifteen major bills. One of the most famous was the proclamation nationally issued that all banks would be temporarily closed, forming the Emergency Banking Act. Other bills passed in this â€Å"Hundred Days of Action† include the Tennessee Valley Authority Act, the Beer- Wine Revenue Act, the creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps, and the Home Owners Loan Act. These and many other like bills were the shining light at the end of tunnel for Americans as Roosevelt came into office striving to end the Depression. Fireside chats, which were radio broadcasts, were a way for Roosevelt to connect with Americans on a more personal level while managing to give them a sense of comfort. He was able to give insight to the general public through these broadcasts. He gave Americans hope that things would be better and they put their trust in him. Successful in short term relief, the New Deal did not end the Great Depression but did push the economic circumstances to a higher quality. As far as long term effects are concerned our country’s governmental structure has been forever changed. After the New Deal’s policies were administered a dominant new political coalition was in place, in turn, creating Democratic majority that lasted for half a century. Roosevelt gave Americans something new and different to expect from government and pushed the country toward its post war boom that many say was the â€Å"golden age of American capitalism†. Through the New Deal and his presidency he formed our views and outlook to how the modern American government should and is conducted. Programs put in place by the New Deal gave hope to Americans in this morbid, bleak time. He gave us the layout in which we practice modern government. As said by Roosevelt, â€Å"The country needs and, unless I mistake its temper, the country demands bold, persistent experimentation. It is common sense to take a method and try it: If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something. † He tried and pushed forward through a troublesome, oppressive time that seemed as if it would not ever end. If he had not done so it is unimaginable to think what would have become of our country.